Language+matters

=1. Practise your English online (grammar / vocabulary / pronunciation)=
 * Grammar((englisch-hilfen)
 * Grammar(e-anglais)
 * Business grammar
 * Pronunciation(esl- lab)
 * Pronunciation (audio-english)


 * [|Linguarama]
 * [|EnglishClub.com]
 * [|BetterEnglish.com]
 * Business English Vocab.
 * L[|earn English]
 * [|ESL Gold](Useful business expressions)
 * [|BBC Learn English]
 * e-english

=2. Back to Basics ...=

= Tenses (simple present and simple past) and aspects (present continuous, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect, will ) =
 * =simple present : V or V + S - auxiliary : do / does =
 * =simple past (prétérit) : V + ED (or irregular form) - auxiliary : did =
 * =present continuous (présent en Be + ing / progressif) : am / is / are + Ving =
 * =past continuous : was / were + Ving =
 * =present perfect (parfait simple): have / has + Ven (past participle)=
 * =present perfect continuous : have / has + been + Ving =
 * =past perfect / pluperfect : had + Ven =
 * = past perfect continuous : had + been + Ving =
 * = Will + V (to refer to a future action or state)=
 * =Be=

- __simple present__ : **am / is / are**

I am - you are - he / she / it is - we / you / they are Am I ? Are you ? Is he / she / it ? Are we / you / they ? I am not - you are not - he / she / it is not - we / you / they are not

- __simple past__ (= prétérit) : **was / were**

I was - you were - he / she / it was - we / you / they were Was I ? Were you ? Was he / she / it ? Were we / you / they ? I was not - you were not - he / she / it was not - we / you / they were not

- __present perfect__ (= parfait simple) : **have / has been**

I / you / we / you / they have been - He / she / it haS been Have I / you / we / you / they been ? HaS he / she / it been ? I / you / we / you / they have not been - He / she / it haS not been

- __past perfect__ (= pluperfect) : **had been**

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they had been Had I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they been ? I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they had not been

__Will and the future__ : **will be**

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they will be Will I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they be ? I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they will not be


 * =Have=

- __simple present__ : **Have / haS** - Auxiliary : **Do / Does**

I / you / we / you / they have - he / she / it haS Do I / you / we / you / they have ? DoES he / she / it have ? I / you / we / you / they do not have **-** he / she / it doES not have

- __simple past__ : **HaD** - Auxiliary : **Did**

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they haD Did I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they have ? I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they did not have

- __present perfect__ : **have / has had**

I / you / we / you / they have been - He / she / it has been Have I / you / we : you / they been ? Has he / she / it been ? I / you / we / you / they have not been - He / she / it has been

- __past perfect__ : **had had**

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / we had had Had I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they had ? I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they had not had

- __Will and the future__ : **will have**

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they will have Will I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they have ? I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they will not have


 * =Start (regular verb)=

- __simple present__ : **V** or **he / she / it V+S -** Auxiliary **: Do / does**

I / you / we / you / they start - He / she / it startS Do I / you / we / you / they start ? - DoES he / she / it start ? I / you / we / you / they do not start - He / she / it doES not start

- __simple past__ : **V+ED** **-** Auxiliary **: Did**

I / you / he / she / it we / you / they startED Did I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they start ? I / you / he / she / it / we / you / we / they did not start

- __present continuous__ (= présent progressif / continu / en Be + ing__)__ : **am / is / are + Ving**

I am startING - you / we / you / they are starting - He / she - it is starting Am I starting ? Are you / we / you / they starting ? Is he / she / it starting ? I am not starting - you / we / you / they are not starting

- __past continuous__ : **was / were + Ving**

I / he / she / it was startING - you / we / you / they were startING Was I / he / she / it startING ? Were you / we / you / they startING ? I / he / she / it was not startING - you / we / you / they were not startING

- __present perfect__ : **have / has + Ven** (Ven = past participle)

I / you / we / you / they have startED - he / she / it haS startED Have I / you / we / you / they startED ? HaS he / she / il startED ? I / you / we / you / they have not startED - He / she / it haS not startED

- __past perfect__ = __pluperfect__ : **haD + Ven**

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they haD startED HaD I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they startED ? I / you / he / she / we / you / they haD not startED

- __Will and the future__ : **will + V**

I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they will start Will I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they start ? I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they will start

= **Adjectives and Pronouns** = = = =subject : I - you - he - she - it - we - you - they = = object : me - you - **him** - **her** - it - us - you - them = = my - your - **his** ( belonging to a man or a boy) - **her** (belonging to a woman or a girl) - its (belonging to a thing or an animal) - ** our - your - their **= Ex :Jane and **her** father - John and **his** mother - my friends and **their** parents - the cat and **its** kittens = mine - yours - **his** - **hers** - its - ours - yours - theirs = He has brought his book but she hasn't brought **hers** (le sien).
 * =**Personal pronouns**=
 * =**Possessive adjectives**=
 * =**Possessive pronouns** (le mien, la mienne, les miens, les miennes, ...)=
 * Ex :**They have brought their books. Have you brought **yours** (les tiens) ? I haven't brought **mine** (les miens)

= Who, what, where (place), when (time), why (cause), whose (possession)= = = = **Who / whom / whose / which / that / where / when** = =subject : **whO** (for persOns only) - **whIch** (for thIngs or anImals only) - **that** (for persons, things or animals)= =object : **whO / whOm** (for persOns only) - **whIch** (for thIngs or anImals only) - **that** (for persons, things or animals)= =possessive : **whose** = =place : **where** = =time : **when** =
 * =**Interrogative pronouns**=
 * =**Relative pronouns (in defining /** restrictive relative clauses)=

A white-collar worker is someone **who** works in an office. He is a man **whom / that** many people admire. He is a man many people admire. (more common) I know the man **who / whom / that** she is talking to. I know the man she is talking to. (more common) I know the man to **whom** she is talking. (whom : after a preposition) An oil slick is an area of oil **which / that** is floating on the surface of the sea. The CD player **which / that** I bought last month broke down yesterday. The CD player I bought last month broke down yesterday. (more common) It is the house **whose** door is painted red. (The house has a door - it is painted red.) I know the man **whose** car is parked here. (The man has a car - it is parked here.) It is one of the few countries **where** people drive on the left. A slump is a period **when** a country's economy is doing very badly.
 * Examples**

=3. Vocabulary=

= ** Links and Markers ** =

as / because (of) / considering / given that / since / thanks to
 * **Cause / consequence**

as a consequence of / as a result / consequently / so / then / therefore

also / besides / furthermore / moreover / in addition / what is more
 * **Addition**

as opposed to / contrary to / on the contrary / unlike / whereas / while
 * **Opposition**

although / even though / however / in spite of / nevertheless / yet
 * **Concession**

= = = Opinions =

As far as I am concerned / as for me / as I see it / for my part / from my point of view / in my opinion / in my view
 * **Opinion**

I think / I believe / I feel / I can't help thinking / I suppose / I guess / I assume / I am convinced / I am sure / I am positive ... + that

I (quite) agree (with...) / I it is true to say that ...
 * **Agreement**

I (strongly / totally / entirely) disagree (with ... about ...) / I do not see things that way / I DON'T agree with ...
 * **Disagreement**